Classical ethical principles in ICT -MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Classical ethical principles in ICT. Answer: Classical ethical principles in ICTfor the self-driving cars in Australia: Now, the time has come that the organizations need to be aware of the ICT Ethics in their company. The places where the progress is to be made, where the challenges or limitations exist and the future potential are needed to be identified (Goodall, 2016). The following essay has identified the case of driverless cars changing Australia. The classical ethical theories are applied on it. Lastly, the justifiable and logical conclusions are derived to solve the ethical problems. The most exciting technological development of ICT is on the horizon in Australia. However, the creation of driverless vehicle can devastate Australia. The economy of Australia has been depending highly on the logistics and transport industry. This could demolish the jobs of truck drivers with far-reaching impacts. The outline of the transportation industry has been strongly tied to the wider economy. It is not a surprise that the rise of the transport sector has been tracking nearer to the GDP rise ("The jobs killer is coming", 2017). The companies like Uber have been reducing the standards of the labors by stealth. This is done through employing the drivers as the independent contracts. This has not been supplying any profits that were possessed by the Australias generations. The Uber has been undercutting the present standards of poor labors existing in the taxi industry. The industries are bound to lift the standards not permitting them to be decreased further. Moreover, they hav e urgently needed the strategy for deciding from where the quality jobs of the future will arise. The drivers could be left without jobs and there have been concerns regarding the supposed technology resulting in chaos to the crucial industries (Nyholm Smids, 2016). The driverless trucks are still semi-automated and the human drivers would need to advocate the admitting of particular issues, required to be ironed out, despite the computers perform the driving. The safety issues would not be eradicated as the technology has not been infallible. There has been also inevitable catastrophically mismanagement of the driverless vehicles. This would no doubt happen just as presently few heavy vehicles have not been maintained rightly resulting in fatalities (Bringsjord Sen, 2016). The challenges with this technology must indicate the disaster on the larger scale with the unmanned drones and the warships eradicating the weapons that are human operated. The civilization must require making few dramatic changes for adapting the driverless cars in new reality. Let in case of an unavoidable crash, the car needs to go for crashing with two distinct sets of people. The utilitarian approach, a popular classical theory of ethics would opt for the least loss of life. This is because there has been a clear aim to reduce harm to human, morally the most effective approach benefiting the wider society (Lin, 2016). This method is the most intuitive. This is because it is expected from the artificial machines to take decisions on the basis of algorithms. No emotion is taken into account here. This is the most natural development for the intelligent systems. This is because the technology makes use of the rational approach and most logical to consider. The ethical considerations could be on the basis of the principles of utilitarianism that are constant and not influenced by the occupants of the state of mind of the vehicles. This analyses the safety of the autonomous vehicles regardless the passengers are intoxicated or unable to drive. Thus it reduces the risks regarding the vehicle being programmed for driving in a less perfect way. The programming constancy if programming of various vehicle manufacturers leads to lesser legal ramifications for everyone (Bonnefon, Shariff Rahwan, 2015). As one manufacturer uses the alternative programming, it is used to make the vehicles safer for the drivers. Through using the utilitarian method to program the self-drive vehicles indicates that they are created to be programmed in the similar manner none of the cars cannot prioritize the life of the driver. This must be rather than what has been in the best interest for everyone. The programming of utilitarian is simpler to impose. This is because the ability to make decisions has been only based to reduce the loss of life in any case. The ethical systems like the virtue ethics need complex computation for deciding the most suitable course of action in the situations of inevitable crashes (Belay, 2015). The utilitarian process minimizes the expense to develop the technology and simplify the needed programs. This could also the playing sector between the low and high-end manufacturers of car and improving the consistency. Further, the insurance companies could see the approach of social contract must easier in comprehending. Moreover, the premiums get lowered compared to other ethical frameworks. This has been because of the simpler calculations for the insurance brokers who have been pricing the strict decisions of the social contract made by the vehicle for the humanitys best interest (Goodall, 2014). The online services have been already delivering the automated proposals for latest services and products. These are a few cases the possible invasions of privacy. The usage of the social contract algorithm needs no personal data for the vehicles in modeling itself as the human driver, unlike the virtue ethics. Thus it has been reducing the quantity of the privacy infringement. Again the social contract has been bound to the psychological facts as by the legal and technological ones. The modern-day government is the result of the implicit agreement also known as the social contract (Goodall, 2016). In this way, the self-automated cars could be conceived as they try to embed the will of the machines into the algorithmic social contract. The deontologists, on the other hand, could struggle with the concept of the computers having the free will while acting to avoid the crash. While the car could make choice between the killings of any pedestrian or any driver is a good intention or simply the process executed and carried out arbitrarily is raising concern (Bonnefon, Shariff Rahwan, 2015). However, an ideal deontologist must be in the favor of the self-driving cars since the opting to use the safer self-autonomous cars at first could override the decisions made by the technology of the cars. The report has shown how the ethical principles could be applied to the self-driving cars. It has applied the classical ethical principles where it could be applicable. However, the autonomy is unable to save all the people. The technology can never be perfect. The society needs to remind this before arriving of the technology. They also need to understand that this innovation for greater good. To convince the public should start the understanding what the public has been worried about and the psychological mechanisms involved. The self-driving cars possess bright future. However, this can only happen as the public overcomes the psychological issues standing in their way of the widespread adoption. Another ethical aspect of this industry which requires development has been how the people describe and set the expectations from the viewpoint of the consumers. Moreover, the consumers are needed to be educated more regarding the technology of autonomous vehicle. In this way they could be informed about the easy in the vehicle would be operating along with its responsibilities. As the consumers make sense of the long-term and immediate advantages of the self-driving cars, they could be provided with the green light. References: Goodall, N. J. (2016). Can you program ethics into a self-driving car?.IEEE Spectrum,53(6), 28-58. Bonnefon, J. F., Shariff, A., Rahwan, I. (2015). Autonomous vehicles need experimental ethics: are we ready for utilitarian cars?.arXiv preprint arXiv:1510.03346. Nyholm, S., Smids, J. (2016). The ethics of accident-algorithms for self-driving cars: an applied trolley problem?.Ethical Theory and Moral Practice,19(5), 1275-1289. Lin, P. (2016). Why ethics matters for autonomous cars. InAutonomous Driving(pp. 69-85). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Bringsjord, S., Sen, A. (2016). On Creative Self-Driving Cars: Hire the Computational Logicians, Fast.Applied Artificial Intelligence,30(8), 758-786. Belay, N. (2015). Robot Ethics and Self-Driving Cars: How Ethical Determinations in Software Will Require a New Legal Framework.J. Legal Prof.,40, 119. Goodall, N. J. (2014). Machine ethics and automated vehicles. InRoad vehicle automation(pp. 93-102). Springer International Publishing. Goodall, N. J. (2016). Can you program ethics into a self-driving car?.IEEE Spectrum,53(6), 28-58. Bonnefon, J. F., Shariff, A., Rahwan, I. (2015). Autonomous vehicles need experimental ethics: are we ready for utilitarian cars?.arXiv preprint arXiv:1510.03346. The jobs killer is coming. (2017).NewsComAu. Retrieved 17 September 2017, from https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/travel/the-jobs-killer-is-coming-how-driverless-trucks-could-change-australia/news-story/4f5b8a42b0452703d62e00f3e7644d7b